2023黄河主题旅游海外推广季┃“九曲黄河第一湾”四川黄河流域文化和旅游资源图片展（二）

（二）民族风采

2.Ethnic Customs

高原、雪山、草原、湿地汇聚,黄河不仅为四川带来了壮丽的自然风光，也为当地孕育出了灿烂的多民族文化。藏、羌、回、汉在这片土地和谐共生。

With the convergence of plateaus, snow-capped mountains, grasslands and wetlands, the Yellow River not only brings magnificent natural scenery to Sichuan, but also breeds splendid multi-ethnic cultures for the local people. Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, and Han people live in harmony in this land of abundance.

锅庄（真达锅庄）已被列入中国国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。真达锅庄是充满律动健康之美的传统舞蹈，藏民们在与大自然抗争和生活实践中，酝酿出了这样具有浓厚民族文化特色的歌舞文化。

Guozhuang (Zhenda Guozhuang) was inscribed on the Representative Lists of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China. Zhenda Guozhuang is a traditional dance full of the beauty of rhythm and health. Tibetans have brewed such a song and dance culture with strong national cultural characteristics from their fight against nature and life practice.

扎崇节是四川阿坝州阿坝县藏族特有的民间贸易节日，“扎”是陶器之意，“崇”是市场的意思，是由交易陶器为主要市场的大型交流会。

The Zhachong Festival is a folk trade festival unique to the Tibetan people in Aba County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan. “Zha” refers to pottery, while “Chong” refers to market. Zhachong Festival is a large-scale market exchange meeting where pottery is the main trade item.

在若尔盖大草原的藏族牧民心目中，马是一种神圣的动物，赛马也是一项神圣的大赛。来自草原各部的牧民们选出最好的马，选出最好的赛手，每年开春总要聚集，进行1000米、3000米、5000米和1万米的比赛。

In the eyes of the Tibetan herdsmen in the Ruoergai Grasslands, horse is a sacred animal, and horse racing is a sacred competition. Every spring, the herdsmen from all parts of the grassland would select the best horses and the best racers to race 1,000m, 3,000m, 5,000 m and 10,000 m.

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插箭节主要流行于四川省阿坝州红原县和松潘县，是一种原始的自然崇拜，在山顶垒起石堆或者其他东西，以便人们祭祀崇拜。在供品中，箭镞是最重要的一种，促成了插箭节的形成。供奉的箭杆根部削成箭头状，顶部绑柏枝，柏枝下面扎有三棱式彩色木板质箭羽，下面再缠哈达或者彩布条、羊毛之类。其形状似箭又像杼子，箭羽上绘有宝珠、白螺、吉祥轮等图案，并将箭用羊毛长绳绑在箭推上，同时具有较高的市场价值。

The Chajian Festival is popular in Hongyuan and Songpan counties of Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is a primitive nature worship, in which stone piles or other objects are built on the top of the mountain for worshiping. As one of the most important offerings, arrow heads contribute to the formation of the Chajian Festival. The root of the arrow shaft is cut into an arrow shape, and the top is tied with cypress branches. There are triangular colored wooden arrow-feathers tied under the cypress branches, and the bottom is wrapped with hada or colored cloth strips, wool and the like. Its shape is similar to arrow and shuttle, and the arrow-feathers are painted with patterns such as orbs, white snails and auspicious wheels. The arrow is tied to the bow with long wool rope, and has a high market value.

“芒卓甲扎”是藏族人民在长期生产生活事件中，在马背上独创的具有民族风格的民间马术运动。中国三大名马之一的河曲马，体大协调，肌肉丰满，神骏威武，而红原县位于黄河上游，是河曲马核心分布区域，因此红原芒卓甲扎（红原马术）主要立足于河曲马的养马、驯马和马术技巧而形成的，距今已有上百年历史。

“Mangzhuojiaza” is an original folk equestrian sport with Tibetan style created by Tibetan people on horseback during their lifelong production and daily life. Hequ Horse, one of the three famous horses in China, is in large and well-coordinated size with attractive muscle and appearance. Hongyuan County is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, which is the core distribution area of Hequ horses. Therefore, Hongyuan Mangzhuojiazha (Hongyuan equestrianism) was formed based on the raising and training of Hequ horses and equestrian skills with a history more than hundreds of years.

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藏棋是源于藏区并流传至今的藏族民间娱乐竞技游戏，由二人分执黑白棋子布阵对阵，民间流传的藏棋最常见的有：国王棋、孜久棋、狼和羊棋等十余种。成方棋（久棋）主要流行于四川省阿坝州阿坝县。

Tibetan Chess is a folk entertainment game originated in Tibetan areas and has been passed so far. It consists of two people playing black and white chess respectively. The most popular ones among the people are: king chess, Zijiu chess, wolf chess, and sheep chess. Chengfang Chess (also known as Jiu Chess) is popular in Aba County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.

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多声部民歌（羌族多声部民歌），国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，主要分布于松潘县小姓乡，距今已有上千年的历史。羌族多声部民歌是羌族中最古老的民歌及其演唱形式。它以二声部民歌为多，从情绪上分为喜悦性歌曲和悲歌两大类， 具有最原始，古老，无乐器伴奏的演唱表演形式，歌词内容丰富涉及小姓羌人的历史，季节，喜庆，祭祀，婚嫁，农事等方面，音乐古朴典雅，抑扬顿挫，奔放激越。

Multi-Part Folk Songs (Qiang Multi-Part Folk Songs), a national intangible cultural heritage item, are mainly distributed in Xiaoxing Township, Songpan County and have a history of more than thousands of years. It represents the oldest form of folk music among the ethnic culture of Qiang. Characterized by two-part folk songs, it can be divided into joyful and mournful categories. It features the most primitive and ancient form of vocal performance without any instrumental accompaniment. The lyrics are rich and cover a wide range of topics such as the history, seasons, celebrations, sacrifices, weddings, and agriculture of the Qiang people. The music is known for its simplicity and elegance, with contrasting rhythms and passionate melodies.

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羌族推杆，羌语称"勿勒叽叽"。相传在1000多年前，羌族受外敌侵犯，羌人屡战屡败，最后在白石神的帮助下打败外敌。庆功会上，白石神要奖赏有功的勇士们，但他们互相推让功绩，举荐工作难以完成。后来，白石神让勇士们进行"推杆"比赛，以此决定奖赏对象。后来这种推杆比赛便世代流传下来，如今主要分布于阿坝州汶川县、茂县及绵阳北川。

它主要有2种形式，第一种是推杆，参与人数为两人或多人。第二种是仰卧抱杆起，参与人数为2至3人。

According to legend, over 1,000 years ago, the Qiang people were invaded by external enemies and suffered repeated defeats. Eventually, with the help of the god Bai Shi, they were able to defeat the enemy. At the victory meeting, Bai Shi intended to reward the brave warriors who had contributed to the victory, but they humbly declined and recommended each other, making it difficult to determine who deserved the honor. Later on, Bai Shi organized a “rod pushing” game among the warriors to determine the recipients of the reward. Then this game has been passed down through generations and is now primarily popular in Wenchuan and Maoxian counties in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Beichuan County in Mianyang, Sichuan Province.

There are two forms of this game. The first is the pushing game with two or more people; the second is sit-ups while embracing a rod, involving 2 to 3 people.

"羊皮鼓舞"在羌语中称为"莫恩纳莎"、"莫尔达沙"或"布滋拉"，是"释比"在法事活动中跳的一种祭祀舞蹈，后演变为民间舞蹈，主要流传于四川阿坝州汶川县、茂县、理县等地区。由头戴插着野鸡翎羽和彩色纸条的金丝猴皮帽，手持铜响盘、神棍、彩旗等法器的释比领舞，其余舞者跟随其后，用皮鼓和响铃伴奏。整个舞蹈鼓声和铃声相交。动作敏捷，节奏明快，气氛庄严而热烈。

Initially, Sheepskin Drum Dance is Qiang people’s folk sacrificial dance performed by the “Shibi” (the guardians of Qiang culture) during religious ceremonies, but it has since evolved into a popular folk dance. It is predominantly practiced in the regions of Wenchuan, Maoxian, and Lixian counties in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Led by Shibi, who wears a golden monkey skin hat adorned with pheasant feathers and colorful paper strips and carries various ritual objects such as bronze gong, wand, and colored flags, the other dancers follow behind, accompanying the Shibi’s movements with the beats of leather drums and ringing bells. The dance features quick and agile movements with a lively and solemn atmosphere created by the interplay between the sounds of the drums and bells.

羌族年，羌语亦称“尔玛吉”“日美吉”“日麦节”“羌族新年”“过小年”等。主要分布在四川省阿坝州的汶川县、理县、茂县、松潘县和绵阳市北川县。

Qiang’s New Year is popular among Wenchuan, Lixian, Maoxian, and Songpan counties in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Beichuan County in Mianyang, Sichuan Province.

羌族刺绣，亦称“羌秀”，针法主要有桃花、纤花、纳花、链子扣等数十种，色彩以黑白对比居多，多用棉线，图案题材主要源于自然。羌秀制品以头帕、花围腰、裹肚和云云鞋等服饰用品为主。

Qiang Embroidery, also known as “Qiang Xiu,” primarily includes dozens of stitch types, such as peach blossom stitch, fine flower stitch, joining stitch, and chain stitch, to present vivid patterns from the nature. Various products like head towels, colorful aprons, bellybands, and Yunyun shoes are mainly used for decorating people’s costumes.

回族花灯舞是四川省非物质文化遗产。回族花灯舞一般情况下迎新春和中秋节表演，主要分为“花杠、旱船、耍花灯”三个部分。

As a Sichuan intangible cultural heritage, Hui Flower Lantern Dance is generally performed to celebrate the Chinese New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is mainly divided into three parts: “flower poles, land boat dance, and flower lantern dance.”

主要分布于松潘县进安镇、进安乡以及松潘县其他回汉民族聚居区，土琵琶弹唱在民间流传很广泛，以往马帮在旅途中进行土琵琶弹唱表达乡情，青年男女居家围坐火堂弹奏土琵琶歌唱生活、表达恋情。土琵琶弹唱歌词内容广泛，既有南方的婉约，又有北方的诙谐幽默，包括爱情故事、历史传说、劳动生产等题材。

Widely spread in various regions of Jin’an Township, Jin’an Town, Songpan County, and other areas inhabited by both Hui and Han ethnic groups. The Songpan pipa is a popular instrument that has been passed down through generations. It has been used by the Hui people in their travel with horse caravans to express nostalgia and love for the hometown, and young people sit around the fire at home playing the Songpan pipa to sing about life and express love during their leisure time. Its lyrics encompass a wide range of topics, such as love stories, historical legends, and daily life, with a mixture of both Southern and Northern styles, featuring both elegance and humor.

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